Various materials, which are used as ‘secondary’ in food or non-food packaging, are essentially key elements of the primary or secondary/tertiary packaging of the product, affecting its shelf life and its safety during transport.

Examples of these materials are the metal closures for Vacuum-shrink bags in cheese packaging, plastic or clipbands (plastic reinforced double metal wires) in packaging of bread, Arabic pie, etc. in a simple bag, even the plastic straps that can ensure of a sturdy package for transporting boxes, pallets or groups of products.